Necrotizing Fasciitis of perineum/vagina

Patient Presentation
Patient S.G., a 52 year old woman presented to outside hospital ER c/o extreme weakness/lethargy, elevated temperature for past 5 days, and newly noticed vaginal drainage with foul odor.  While she denied any past medical history, she had not seen an MD since her youngest child was born 12 years earlier.  S.G. was “wheelchair dependent” due to decreased mobility secondary to morbid obesity.  Weight on admission was 230 kg.
 
VS were: temp 40C, BP 92/55, HR 128, RR 34, SaO2 92% on 3L NC.  Relevant labs were: WBC  24, lactate 6, H+H stable at 12 & 36. ABG showed combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis: pH 7.2, PaCO2 50, PaO2  85, base excess -14. Additionally, her HbA1C was 9%.
 
Differential
Suspected sepsis
R/O STI’s

Diagnosis
Patient was transferred to our STICU after wound and blood cultures came back positive for gram + cocci and S.G. was becoming increasingly hemodynamically unstable regardless of antibiotics.  It was concluded that the patient had necrotizing fasciitis; initial source was debated, and the most likely candidate was Staphylococcus aureus, but definitively unknown.
 
Treatment
Upon arrival to our facility, S.G. was taken immediately to the OR for massive wound debridement of bilateral upper, inner thighs/groin, perineum and vagina, as well as lower panniculus.  A diverting colostomy was temporarily placed to promote optimal wound healing.

S.G. arrived in the STICU postop intubated and sedated, hypothermic, and hypotensive requiring massive fluid resuscitation as well as vasopressors including vasopressin and phenylephrine.  A bear hugger was placed; insulin gtt was started per hospital protocol.  Frequent lab draws were done to monitor effectiveness of interventions.  Continuation of fluid replacement via fluid warmers, based on both measurable and insensible fluid loss, as well as aggressive antibiotic therapy was done.  S.G. returned to the OR every other day for a week for aggressive washouts until attainable at the bedside with wound care RNs.
 
Outcome
Dressing changes were done q shift using Dakin’s solution and kerlix gauze packing.  S.G. endured 2 weeks in the STICU.  Her infection was eventually controlled and after PICC placement, she was discharged with her colostomy and scheduled for long term antibiotic therapy, as well as future colostomy reversal and skin grafting for her wounds.   A new diagnosis of diabetes as well as sleep apnea was made and proper education was provided.
 
Case created by Shanna Got, 2011.